阿拉善荒漠区灌木群落的土壤盐分特征分析
The Characteristics of Soil Salinity in the Shrubs Community of Alxa Desert

作为中国典型的荒漠生态系统，阿拉善荒漠区灌木群落不仅是中国北方重要的生态屏障，而且也是中国六大生物多样性中心之一。因此，阿拉善荒漠灌木群落的稳定对于我国生态安全与生物多样性保护具有重要意义，而土壤盐分是影响干旱区荒漠植物群落组成与结构、群落动态的决定因素之一。本文以2010~2011年阿拉善荒漠灌木资源野外调查为基础，分析了灌木群落下的土壤盐分含量、类型及分布格局等特征，得到如下结论：1) 就不同群落而言，柽柳灌丛的“盐岛”效应最明显，按总盐量排序依次为：柽柳>梭梭>白刺>霸王>沙冬青>绵刺>蒙古扁桃；2) 土壤中阴离子以 SO₄^2- 和C1^-为主，阳离子以Na+为主，土壤盐分类型以硫酸钠型和氯化钠型为主；3) 受黑河地表径流和下游强烈蒸发作用影响，土壤盐分分布格局整体表现为西北高东南低的特征，沿东南向西北呈逐级递增的趋势。

Abstract: As a most typical desert ecosystem in China, Alxa desert shrub is not only a significant ecological barrier of North China, but also one of the sic biodiversity centers in China. Therefore, the stabili-zation of Alxa desert shrub community, which is observably affected by soil salinity, has important effect on ecological security and biodiversity in China. Based on the field survey of Alxa desert shrub resources in 2010-2011, the content, composition and distribution of soil salinity under the shrub community were analyzed. The following conclusions were summarized: 1) There is a salt enrichment effects under the Tamarix chinensis and the content of total salt could be arranged in the following order: Tamarix chinensis > Haloxylon ammodendron > Nitraria tangutorum > Sarco-zygium xanthoxylon >Ammopiptanthus mongolicus > Potaninia mongolica > Amygdalus mongolica; 2) The soil negative and positive ion were respectively dominated by SO₄^2-, C1^- and Na+, so that the soil salinity was sodium sulfate type and sodium chloride type; 3) The characteristics of soil salinity distribution pattern was high in northwest and low in southeast, and increased from southeast to northwest, which was mainly affected by the downstream of Heihe river runoff and intense evaporation.

Abstract:

Abstract:

[1] 李新荣, 谭会娟, 何明珠, 王新平, 李小军 (2009) 阿拉善高原灌木种的丰富度和多度格局对环境因子变化的响应: 极端干旱荒漠地区灌木多样性保育的前提. 中国科学D辑: 地球科学, 4, 504-515.

[2] 赵淑文, 燕玲 (2008) 阿拉善荒漠区种子植物区系特征分析. 干旱区资源与环境, 11, 167-174.

[3] 周志宇, 颜淑云, 秦彧, 等 (2009) 阿拉善干旱荒漠区灌木多样性的特点. 干旱区资源与环境, 9, 146-150.

[4] 赵振勇, 王让会, 尹传华, 等 (2007) 天山南麓山前平原土壤盐分空间异质性对植物群落组成及结构的影响. 干旱区地理, 6, 839-845．

[5] 顾峰雪, 张远东, 潘晓玲, 等 (2002) 阜康绿洲土壤盐渍化与植物群落多样性的相关性分析. 资源科学, 3, 42-48.

[6] 鱼腾飞, 冯起, 刘蔚, 等 (2012) 黑河下游土壤水盐对生态输水的响应及其与植被生长的关系. 生态学报, 22, 7009-7017.

[7] 张雪妮, 吕光辉, 杨晓东, 等 (2013) 基于盐分梯度的荒漠植物多样性与群落种间联接响应. 生态学报, 18, 5714-5722.

[8] 司建华, 冯起, 常宗强, 等 (2011) 阿拉善雅布赖风沙区荒漠植物群落结构和物种多样性研究. 西北植物学报, 3, 602-608.

[9] 鱼腾飞, 冯起, 司建华, 等 (2011) 黑河下游额济纳绿洲植物群落特征与物种多样性研究. 西北植物学报, 5, 1032-1038.

[10] 郑敬刚, 吴国玺, 何明珠, 等 (2009) 阿拉善荒漠区植物多样性与土壤理化性质相关性研究. 干旱区资源与环境, 3, 151-155.

[11] 中国科学院内蒙古宁夏综合考察队 (1975) 综合考察专辑: 内蒙古植被. 科学出版社, 北京.

[12] 尹传华, 冯固, 田长彦, 等 (2008) 干旱区柽柳灌丛下土壤有机质、盐分的富集效应研究. 中国生态农业学报, 1, 263-265.

[13] 刘蔚, 王忠静, 席海洋 (2008) 黑河下游水土理化性质变化及生态环境意义. 冰川冻土, 4, 688-694.